第12章 権力と統治形態 n.21 - 政権永続化のための手法
以上のこと全ては,革命的な状況が既に存在していれば,異なったものとなるであろう。(仮に)保守党(が多数を占める)議会の場合,次の選挙で共産党が多数を占め,何の補償もなしに私有財産を取り上げる恐れがあると想像してみよう。そのような場合には,政権を掌握している政党(政権与党)は,長期議会をまねて,自分たちの政権の永続(化)を布告することはありそうなことである。そのような政党は、民主主義の原理に対する敬意から,そのような行為を自制することはほとんどないであろう。自制することがたとえあったとしても,それは軍隊の忠誠に疑いを持つ時だけであろう。 |
Chapter XII: Powers and Forms of Governmants, n.21Owing to these essential limitations, many of the most important matters must be entrusted by the electorate to the Government. Democracy is successful in so far as the Government is obliged to respect public opinion. The Long Parliament decreed that it could not be dissolved without its own consent; what has hindered subsequent Parliaments from doing likewise? The answer is neither simple nor reassuring. In the first place, in the absence of a revolutionary situation, members of the outgoing Parliament were assured of a pleasant life even if they belonged to the defeated party; most of them would be re-elected, and, if they lost the pleasures of government, they would gain the almost equal satisfactions to be obtained by publicly criticizing the mistakes of their rivals. And in due course they would return to power. If, on the other hand, they made it impossible for the electorate to get rid of them by constitutional means, they would create a revolutionary situation, which would endanger their property and perhaps their lives. The fate of Strafford and Charles I was a warning against rashness.All this would be different if a revolutionary situation were already in existence. Suppose a Conservative Parliament had reason to fear that the next election would produce a Communist majority, which would expropriate private property without compensation. In such a case, the party in power might well imitate the Long Parliament, and decree its own perpetuity. It would hardly be restrained from this action by reverence for the principles of democracy; it would be restrained, if at all, only by a doubt as to the loyalty of the armed forces. |