第15章_非個人的な興味(私心のない興味)
十分な活力と熱意のある人は,不幸に見舞われるたびに,人生と世界に対する(新しい)興味--それ(人生と世界に対する興味)は,1つの喪失(敗北)のために致命的になるほど制限されることは決してない--を見いだすことによって,あらゆる不幸を乗り越えていくだろう。1つの喪失(敗北,あるいは数度の喪失(敗北)によってでさえ,打ち負かされてしまうのは,'感受性に富む証拠'として賞賛されるべきことではなく,'活力の欠如'として嘆くべき(←嘆かれるべき)ことである。私たちの愛情は,すべて死によって翻弄されるが,'死'はいつなんどき私たちの愛する人を襲うかもしれない。それゆえ,人生の意義と目的の全てを偶然のなすがままにゆだねるといった,そんな'狭い激しさ'を私たちの人生にもたせるべきではないということが不可欠である。以上のような理由で,賢明に幸福を追求する人は,自分の人生が築かれている,その中心的な興味のほかに,いくつかの副次的な興味を持とうとするであろう。 |
Leaving these large speculations and returning to our more immediate subject, namely the value of impersonal interests, there is another consideration which makes them a great help towards happiness. Even in the most fortunate lives there are times when things go wrong. Few men except bachelors have never quarrelled with their wives; few parents have not endured grave anxiety owing to the illnesses of their children; few businessmen have avoided times of financial stress; few professional men have not known periods when failure stared them in the face. At such times a capacity to become interested in something outside the cause of anxiety is an immense boon. At such times, when in spite of anxiety there is nothing to be done at the moment, one man will play chess, another will read detective stories, a third will become absorbed in popular astronomy, a fourth will console himself by reading about the excavations at Ur of the Chaldees. Any one of these four is acting wisely, whereas the man who does nothing to distract his mind and allows his trouble to acquire a complete empire over him is acting unwisely and making himself less fit to cope with his troubles when the moment for action arrives. Very similar considerations apply to irreparable sorrows such as the death of some person deeply loved. No good is done to anyone by allowing oneself to become sunk in grief on such an occasion. Grief is unavoidable and must be expected, but everything that can be done should be done to minimise it. It is mere sentimentality to aim, as some do, at extracting the very uttermost drop of misery from mistortune. I do not of course deny that a man may be broken by sorrow, but I do say that everyman should do his utmost to escape this fate, and should seek any distraction, however trivial, provided it is not in itself harmful or degrading. Among those that I regard as harmful and degrading I include such things as drunkenness and drugs, of which the purpose is to destroy thought, at least for the time being. The proper course is not to destroy thought but to turn it into new channels, or at any rate into channels remote from the present misfortune. It is difficult to do this if life has hitherto been concentrated upon a very few interests and those few have now become suffused with sorrow. To bear misfortune well when it comes, it is wise to have cultivated in happier times a certain width of interests, so that the mind may find prepared for it some undisturbed place suggesting other associations and other emotions than those which are making the present difficult to bear. A man of adequate vitality and zest will surmount all misfortunes by the emergence after each blow of an interest in life and the world which cannot be narrowed down so much as to make one loss fatal. To be defeated by one loss or even by several is not something to be admired as a proof of sensibility, but something to be deplored as a failure in vitality. All our affections are at the mercy of death, which may strike down those whom we love at any moment. It is therefore necessary that our lives should not have that narrow intensity which puts the whole meaning and purpose of our life at the mercy of accident. For all these reasons the man who pursues happiness wisely will aim at the possession of a number of subsidiary interests in addition to those central ones upon which his life is built. |
(掲載日:2006.07.27/更新日:2010.5.10)