* ウェッブ夫妻について
ウェッブ夫人は夫よりももっと広範囲に渡って関心を示していた。夫人は,個々の人間に--それらの人々が有用である時以外であっても--かなりの関心を抱いていた。夫人は,社会主義者として英国国教会の方を国教なるが故に好んでいたけれども,いかなる種類の公認の正当派にも属しておらず,心底から信心深かった。彼女は,--クリミアで陸軍のために仮兵舎を建築することでその財産のほとんどを獲得したポッターという自分の腕一本で成功した人間の娘の--9人姉妹のなかの一人であった。ポッター氏は,ハーバート・スペンサー(Herbert Spencer, 1820-1903:イギリスの哲学者,社会学者,倫理学者/右写真参照)の弟子であり,ウェッブ夫人は,スペンサーの教育論の最も有名な産物であった。どうも気の毒な評ではあるが,田舎で夫人と隣り同志で暮らしていた私の母が,彼女のことを「ソシアル・バタフライ(社交界の蝶)」と記述した(松下注:母親はラッセルが幼児の時に亡くなって後に読んだため)。しかしもしも母がウェッブ夫人の後半生を知っていたとしたら,この人物評を修正しただろうと思われる。彼女が社会主義に関心をもつにいたった時,フェビアン協会員(注:フェビアン協会は,1884年にウェッブやJ. バーナード・ショー等が設立した,漸進的社会主義団体),特にシドニー・ウェッブ,バーナード・ショー,それからグラハム・ウォーラスの最も有名な3人を見本とすることを決めた。性は男女反対ではあるが,「パリスの審判」に類する出来事あり,その時,アフロディーテ(Aphrodite:ギリシア神話の愛と美の女神)と同等の人物(ただし性は男女逆)として現われたのがシドニー・ウェッブであった。 (松下注:日高氏は,'the Judgment of Paris with the sexes reversed' を「性の転換に関する'パリーの判決'」と誤訳されている。ラッセルの話は,ギリシア神話の中の'パリス'が3人の美女のなかで,最も美しいのはアフロディーテであると審判をくだしたという寓話をもとにしたものであり,審判を受けたのは女性ではなく3人の男性であるが,ベアトリスは3人の男性の中からシドニー・ウェッブを選んだしだいである。) |
I knew Sidney before his marriage. But he was then much less than half of what the two of them afterwards became. Their collaboration was quite dove-tailed I used to think though this was perhaps an undue simplification, that she had the ideas and he did the work. He was herhaps the most industrious man that I have ever kuown. When they were writing a book on local government, they would send circulars to all local government officials throughout the country asking questions and pointing out that the official in question could legally purchase their forthcoming book out of the rates. When I let my house to them, the postman, who was an ardent socialist, did not know whether to be more honoured by serving them or annoyed at having to deliver a thousand answers a day to their circulars. Webb was originally a second division clerk in the civil service, but by immense industry succeeded in rising into the first division. He was somewhat earnest and did not like jokes on sacred subjects such as political theory. On one occasion I remarked to him that democracy has at least one merit, namely, that a Member of Parliament cannot be stupider than his constituents, for the more stupid he is, the more stupid they were to elect him. Webb was seriously annoyed and said bitingly, 'That is the sort of argument I don't like'. Mrs Webb had a wider range of interests than her husband. She took considerable interest in individual human beings, not only when they could be useful. She was deeply religious without belonging to any recognised brand of orthodoxy, though as a sociajist she preferred the Church of England because it was a State institution. She was one of nine sisters, the daughters of a self-made man named Potter who acquired most of his fortune by buildiug huts for the armies in the Crimea. He was a disciple of Herbert Spencer, and Mrs Webb was the most notable product of that philosopher's theories of education. I am sorry to say that my mother, who was her neighbour in the country, dcscribed her as a 'social butterfly', but one may hope that she would have modified this judgement if she had known Mrs Webb in later life. When she became interested in socialism she decided to sample the Fabians, especially the three most distinguished, who were Webb, Shaw and Graham Wallas. There was something like the Judgment of Paris with the sexes reversed, and it was Sidney who emerged as a counterpart of Aphrodite. |
(掲載日:2005.07.01/更新日:2011.2.13)