しかしながら,論証(論理的なこと)は一切教育から除外されており,祖母の精神生活においてはそれらは欠如していた。何人かの人が閘門(こうもん/水門のこと)がどのように働くか,その仕組みを祖母に説明しようと試みているのを,(近くで)聞いていたことがあるが,祖母はどうしても理解できなかった。 祖母の倫理観(道徳観)は,ヴィクトリア朝の清教徒のそれであり,時折悪態をつく(罵り言葉を言う)人も,やはり幾らか良い性質をもった人間と言えるということをどんなに納得させようとしてもだめだっただろう。けれども,このことについてはいくつか例外があった。祖母はホレス・ウォルポール(Horace Walpole, 1717-1797:イギリスの政治家,小説)の友だちであるベリー姉妹(?)(注:Miss Berrys と複数になっているので・・・?)を知っていた。そうして祖母は一度私に「あのひとたちは古風で,少し口汚い言葉をよく言っていた」ということを少しも非難がましいところなく私に語ったことがある。彼女のようなタイプの多くの人々と同様,彼女(祖母)はバイロンを例外としてみなすという一貫性のないことをし,バイロンを青年らしい'片思い'の不幸な犠牲者とみなした。シェリーに対してはそのような寛容な態度はまったくみせず,シェリーの生活は全く不道徳であり,彼の詩はあまりにも感傷過多だと考えた。キーツのことは祖母は耳にしたことがあるとは思わない。ヨーロッパ大陸の古典については,ゲーテやシラーにいたるまでよく読んでいたが,自分と同時代のヨーロッパの作家については何も知らなかった。ツルゲーネフがかつて自分の書いた小説のなかの一冊を祖母に贈ったことがあるが,祖母は全然それを読まず,彼を自分の友だちの従弟としてしか考えなかった。彼がいろいろ本を書いたということは祖母も気がついていたが,それはほとんど他の誰もがわかっていることであった。 |
写真:ラッセルの祖母(1884年→ラッセル12歳の時) (出典:理想社刊『ラッセル自叙伝』より)
As a mother and a grandmother she was deeply, but not always wisely, solicitous. I do not think that she ever understood the claims of animal spirits and exuberant vitality. She demanded that everything should be viewed through a mist of Victorian sentiment. I remember trying to make her see that it was inconsistent to demand at one and the same time that everybody should be well housed, and yet that no new houses should be built because they were an eye-sore. To her each sentiment had its separate rights, and must not be asked to give place to another sentiment on account of anything so cold as mere logic. She was cultivated according to the standards of her time; she could speak French, German and Italian faultlessly, without the slightest trace of accent. She knew Shakespeare, Milton, and the eighteenth-century poets intimately. She could repeat the signs of the Zodiac and the names of the Nine Muses. She had a minute knowledge of English history according to the Whig tradition. French, German, and Italian classics were familiar to her. Of politics since 1830 she had a close personal knowledge. But everything that involved reasoning had been totally omitted from her education, and was absent from her mental life. She never could understand how locks on rivers worked, although I heard any number of people try to explain it to her. Her morality was that of a Victorian Puritan, and nothing would have persuaded her that a man who swore on occasion might nevertheless have some good qualities. To this, however, there were exceptions. She knew the Miss Berrys who were Horace Walpole's friends, and she told me once without any censure that 'they were old-fashioned, they used to swear a little.' Like many of her type she made an inconsistent exception of Byron, whom she regarded as an unfortunate victim of an unrequited youthful love. She extended no such tolerance to Shelley, whose life she considered wicked and whose poetry she considered mawkish. Of Keats I do not think she had ever heard. While she was well-read in Continental classics down to Goethe and Schiller, she knew nothing of the Continental writers of her own time. Turgeniev once gave her one of his novels, but she never read it, or regarded him as anything but the cousin of some friends of hers. She was aware that he wrote books, but so did almost everybody else. |
(掲載日:/更新日:2010.6.22)