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In a practical political issue there are three kinds of dispute that may be involved. First: the dispute may be wholly as to means, and there may be no disagreement as to ends. Secondly: it may be held by one party that acts of certain kinds are inherently wicked, quite independently of their consequences, while the other party does not admit any such inherent wickedness. Thirdly: there may be a genuine difference as to the ends at which human actions should aim. In most actual political disputes these three grounds of disagreement are all present, but in a theoretical discussion it is important to keep them apart.
Source: Bertrand Russell: Human Society in Ethics and Politics, (1954), chapter 8:Ethical Controversy
More info.:https://russell-j.com/cool/47T-0801.htm
<寸言>
実際は3種類の議論を区別しない場合が多いために議論がかみあわず、議論によってよりよい理解や結論に達することができない場合が少なくありません。
最近は、「論破」能力(とにかく相手を言い負かせることができれば能力がある)を自慢したり賛美されたりする傾向があるようです。
#バートランド・ラッセル #Bertrand_Russell