第11章 組織体の生物学 n.20 - 国家主義と世界政府
国家主義(ナショナリズム)に起因する国家の成長に対する制限は,政党政治と宗教の両方において見られる(発展に対する)制限の最も重要な例である。私は,本章において,組織体を,組織体の目的から独立した(影響を受けない)一つの生命体として扱うように努めてきた。ある点まではそれは可能だと留意することは重要だと考える。しかし、もちろん,それが可能なのはある点までのみである。その限界点を越えれば,その組織体が訴えかける強い感情(passion 情熱)について考慮する必要がある。 |
Chapter XI: The Biology of Organizations, n.20When two organizations with different but not incompatible objects coalesce, the result is something more powerful than either previous one, or even both together. Before the War, the Great Northern went from London to York, the North Eastern from York to Newcastle, and the North British from Newcastle to Edinburgh; now the L.N.E.R. goes all the way, and is obviously stronger than the three older Companies put together. Similarly there is an advantage if the whole steel industry, from the extraction of the ore to ship-building, is controlled by one corporation. Hence there is a natural tendency to combination; and this is true not only in the economic sphere. The logical outcome of this process is for the most powerful organization, usually the state, to absorb all others. The same tendency would lead in time to the creation of one World-State, if the purposes of different States were not incompatible. If the purpose of States were the wealth, health, intelligence, or happiness of their citizens, there would be no incompatibility; but since these, singly and collectively, are thought less important than national power, the purposes of different States conflict, and cannot be furthered by amalgamation. Consequently a World-State is only to be expected, if at all, through the conquest of the world by some one national State, or through the universal adoption of some creed transcending nationalism, such as first socialism, and then communism seemed to be in their early days.The limitation to the growth of States owing to nationalism is the most important example of a limitation which may be seen also in party politics and in religion. I have been endeavouring, in this chapter, to treat organizations as having a life independent of their purpose. I think it important to note that, up to a point, this is possible; but of course it is only up to a point that it is possible. Beyond that point, it is necessary to consider the passion to which the organization appeals. |