第3章 競争 冒頭
さて,ビジネスマンが「生存競争」と言うとき,彼が言おうとしているのは,そういうことではない。「生存競争」というのは,本質的に些細な事柄をもったいつけるために見つけた不正確な言いまわしである。彼の所属する階級で,彼の知っている人が,いったい何人飢えて死んだか,尋ねてみるとよい。また,友人たちが破産したあとでどうなったか,尋ねてみるとよい。破産したビジネスマンは,物質的な安楽に関するかぎり,破産する機会を持つほど裕福になったことのない人々よりも,暮らし向きがよいということは,誰もがわかっている。それゆえ,人びとが生存競争という言葉で意味しているのは,実際は,成功のための競争にほかならない。この競争に参加しているとき,人びとが恐れているのは,明日の朝食にありつけないのではないか,ということではなくて,隣人に勝る(勝つ)>ことができないのではないか,ということである。 |
If you ask any man in America, or any man in business in England, what it is that most interferes with his enjoyment of existence, he will say: 'The struggle for life.' He will say this in all sincerity; he will believe it. In a certain sense it is true; yet in another, and that a very important sense, it is profoundly false. The struggle for life is a thing which does, of course, occur. It may occur to any of us if we are unfortunate. It occurred, for example, to Conrad's hero Falk, who found himself on a derelict ship, one of the two men among the crew who were possessed of fire-arms, with nothing to eat but the other men, When the two men had finished the meals upon which they could agree, a true struggle for life began. Falk won, but was ever after a vegetarian. Now that is not what the businessman means when he speaks of the 'struggle for life'. It is an inaccurate phrase which he has picked up in order to give dignity to something essentially trivial. Ask him how many men he has known in his class of life who have died of hunger. Ask him what happened to his friends after they had been ruined. Everybody knows that a businessman who has been ruined is better off so far as material comforts are concerned than a man who has never been rich enough to have the chance of being ruined. What people mean, therefore, by the struggle for life is really the struggle for success. What people fear when they engage in the struggle is not that they will fail to get their breakfast next morning, but that they will fail to outshine their neighbours. |