第14章 普遍者、個別者、固有名 n.14 - 多くのものが複合的
このことは、固有名の問題に関係がある。私は、当初、もし我々が全知(omniscient)であるならば、 我々は個々の単純者に対してそれぞれ一つの固有名を持つであろうが、複合者に対しては全くそれを持たないだろう、なぜなら、複合者はその単純な構成要素と構造とに言及することによって定義されうるからである、と考えた。私は、この見解を今では斥ける。しかし、固有名の果たす機能・役割に関する多くの問題が残っている。 |
Chapter 14, n.14On one important point, I am prepared to concede that their criticisms are just. I believed, originally, with Leibniz, that everything complex is composed of simples, and that it is important in considering analysis to regard simples as our goal. I have come to think, however, that, although many things can be known to be complex, nothing can be known to be simple, and, moreover, that statements in which complexes are named can be completely accurate, in spite of the fact that the complexes are not recognized as complex. Many scientific advances consist in the recognition that what has been thought simple is complex: for example, molecules are composed of atoms, and atoms have a structure which has been becoming known in recent years. But, so long as we abstain from asserting that the thing we are considering is simple, nothing that we say about it need be falsified by the subsequent discovery of complexity. It follows that the whole question whether there are simples to be reached by analysis is unnecessary.This has a bearing on the question of proper names. I thought, originally, that, if we were omniscient, we should have a proper name for each simple, but no proper names for complexes, since these could be defined by mentioning their simple constituents and their structure. This view I now reject; but its rejection still leaves many problems as regards the functions of proper names. |