第3巻第1章 英国への帰国
ことに科学に関して困難な問題が起こってくる。現代の文明化された国家は,非常に多くの点で科学に依存している。一般的に言って,公認されている古い科学と,年長の人々が恐怖の観念をもって見守っている新しい科学とがある。その結果,自分たちの父親らが発見・発明した科学を賛美する老人層と,自分たちと同年代人の仕事(研究)の価値を理解している青年層との間に,絶え間ない闘いが存在している。ある点まではこの競争も有用ではあるけれども,それ以上になると,悲惨なものになる。現代,その最も重要な実例は,人口爆発であり,その問題は,老人達には邪悪な行為と想われるような方法(注:産児制限など)によってのみ戦うことができるのである。 |
v.3,chap.1: Return to England In the course of these lectures, I gave a brief resume of the growth and decay of governmental power. In the great days of Greece there was not too much of it: great men were free to develop their capacities while they lived, but wars and assassinations often cut short their labours. Rome brought order, but at the same time brought a considerable degree of eclipse to the achievement of individuals. Under the Empire, individual initiative was so curtailed as to be incapable of resisting new attacks from without. For a thousand years after the fall of Rome, there was too little authority and also too little individual initiative. Gradually, new weapons, especially gunpowder, gave strength to governments and developed the modern Srate. But with this came excessive authority. The problem of preserving liberty in a world of nuclear weapons is a new one and one for which men's minds are not prepared. Unless we can adapt ourselves to a greater search for liberty than has been necessary during the last few centuries, we shall sink into private lethargy and fall a prey to public energy. It is especially as regards science that difficult problems arise. The modern civilised State depends upon science in a multitude of ways. Generally, there is old science, which is official, and new science, which elderly men look upon with horror. This results in a continual battle between old men, who admire the science of their fathers, and the young men who realise the value of their contemporaries' work. Up to a point this struggle is useful, but beyond that point it is disastrous. In the present day, the most important example of it is the population explosion, which can only be combated by methods which to the old seem impious. |