キリスト教と性
キリスト教倫理に結びついている原罪の概念は,驚くべき量の害悪をなすものである。なぜなら、原罪の概念(注:人間は罪を背負って生まれてくるという考え方)は,人々に,自分たちは正当であり,高邁であるとさえ信じるところの,彼らの加虐趣味(サディズム)のためのはけ口を与えるからである。たとえば,梅毒の予防の問題を取り上げてみよう。前もって用心さえすれば,この病気に感染する危険は無視できるほどのものにすることができることが知られている。しかし,キリスト教徒はこの事実についての知識の普及に反対している,なぜなら,彼らは罪人(注:たとえば,婚外性交をするような者)が罰せられることは善いことだと考えるからである。彼らは罪人を罰することは非常に善いことだと思いこんでいるために,その罰が罪人の妻や子供に及ぶことを望むことさえしているのである(注:このエッセイを執筆した1930年頃の状況を言っています。)。現在この世には,もしキリスト教徒が罪人は罰せられるべきであるとの欲求を持っていなければ,決して生まれなかったであろう,先天的に梅毒にかかっている何千という子供がいるのである。このような我々を悪魔的な残酷さに導く教義が,どうして道徳に良い影響を与えるなどと考えることができるのか,私には理解できない。 キリスト教徒の態度が人間の福祉(幸福)にとって危険であるのは,性行為に関してだけでなく,性の問題に関する知識に関してもそうである。偏見のない精神でこの問題を研究しようと骨を折った人なら,誰でも正統派のキリスト教徒が青年に強用しようとする性に関する作為的な無知は,道徳的及び肉体的健康に極めて危険であり,大抵の子供たちがそうするように,「不適切な(下劣な)」会話によって知識を拾う者に,性とはそれ自体わいせつかつ馬鹿げたものであるという態度をとらせることになるのである。知識は望ましいものではないという見方に弁護の余地はない,と私は考える。いかなる人がいかなる年齢に知識を得ようとしても,障害をもうけるべきではない。しかし,性の知識という特殊な場合には,大部分の他の知識の場合よりも,障害をもうけるべきではないということに対するはるかに重みのある賛成論がある。知識を授けられている場合よりも無知な場合の方が,人はより愚かな行為をする(賢明な行為をいっそうしそうにない)ものであり,青年が重要な問題について自然な好奇心を持つからといって,青年に罪の意識を与えるということは馬鹿げている。 |
Christianity and SexThe worst feature of the Christian religion, however, is its attitude toward sex -- an attitude so morbid and so unnatural that it can be understood only when taken in relation to the sickness of the civilized world at the time the Roman Empire was decaying. We sometimes hear talk to the effect that Christianity improved the status of women. This is one of the grossest perversions of history that it is possible to make. Women cannot enjoy a tolerable position in society where it is considered of the utmost importance that they should not infringe a very rigid moral code. Monks have always regarded Woman primarily as the temptress; they have thought of her mainly as the inspirer of impure lusts. The teaching of the church has been, and still is, that virginity is best, but that for those who find this impossible marriage is permissible. "It is better to marry than to burn," as St. Paul brutally puts it. By making marriage indissoluble, and by stamping out all knowledge of the ars amandi, the church did what it could to secure that the only form of sex which it permitted should involve very little pleasure and a great deal of pain. The opposition to birth control has, in fact, the same motive: if a woman has a child a year until she dies worn out, it is not to be supposed that she will derive much pleasure from her married life; therefore birth control must be discouraged.The conception of Sin which is bound up with Christian ethics is one that does an extraordinary amount of harm, since it affords people an outlet for their sadism which they believe to be legitimate, and even noble. Take, for example, the question of the prevention of syphilis. It is known that, by precautions taken in advance, the danger of contracting this disease can be made negligible. Christians, however, object to the dissemination of knowledge of this fact, since they hold it good that sinners should be punished. They hold this so good that they are even willing that punishment should extend to the wives and children of sinners. There are in the world at the present moment many thousands of children suffering from congenital syphilis who would never have been born but for the desire of Christians to see sinners punished. I cannot understand how doctrines leading us to this fiendish cruelty can be considered to have any good effects upon morals. It is not only in regard to sexual behaviour but also in regard to knowledge on sex subjects that the attitude of Christians is dangerous to human welfare. Every person who has taken the trouble to study the question in an unbiased spirit knows that the artificial ignorance on sex subjects which orthodox Christians attempt to enforce upon the young is extremely dangerous to mental and physical health, and causes in those who pick up their knowledge by the way of "improper" talk, as most children do, an attitude that sex is in itself indecent and ridiculous. I do not think there can be any defense for the view that knowledge is ever undesirable. I should not put barriers in the way of the acquisition of knowledge by anybody at any age. But in the particular case of sex knowledge there are much weightier arguments in its favor than in the case of most other knowledge. A person is much less likely to act wisely when he is ignorant than when he is instructed, and it is ridiculous to give young people a sense of sin because they have a natural curiosity about an important matter. |