キリスト教と性(承前)
このような,ひとつの側面における比較的に細かい異議は別にして置くとして,キリスト教の基本的教義(根本教義)は,それが肯定されるには(前に)非常に多くの倫理的なこじつけ(歪曲)を必要していることは明らかである。(即ち)世界は善であり,全能である唯一の神(注:絶対神)によって創造された,と我々に告げられている。(全能の)神は世界を創造する前に,世界に含まれるあらゆる苦痛と惨めさを予見された(とされている)。それゆえ,神はその全てに対して責任がある(ことになる)。この世の中の苦痛は(人間の)原罪にあると論ずることは無用である。まず第一にそれは真実ではない。河川が堤防を越えて氾濫したり,火山が噴火することは(人間の)罪(が原因)ではない。しかし,たとえそれが真実であったとしても,(神に責任があることには)なんの違いもない。もし,私が将来殺人鬼(殺人狂)になることを知りながら自分の子供をもうける(注:beget こしらえる)とするなら,私は,彼(自分の子供)の罪に対して当然責任がなければならない。神が人間を創造することを決意された時,人間が(将来)犯すであろう罪を事前に知っていたとするならば,神はそれらの罪のすべての結果に対し,明らかに,責任がある。普通のキリスト教徒の論拠(argument 言い分)は,この世の苦痛は,罪の浄化(清め)であるから,善いことである(善である)というものである。もちろん,この議論はサディズムの合理化(理屈付け)であるにすぎない。しかし,いずれにせよ,極めて薄弱な論拠(言い分)である。私は,誰でもよいがキリスト教の信者を病院の子供の病棟(小児病棟)にご招待して,そこで子供が耐えている苦痛を見守ってもらい,そこにいる子供たちは,苦しむに値するほど道徳的に(神から)見捨てられたのだという主張を固執してもらいたいものである。こんなことを彼(そのキリスト教徒)に言わせるには,人間は,心のうちにあるすべての慈悲や同情の感情を殺さねばならない。要するに彼は,彼が信じている神と同様に残酷にならなければならないのである。こうした苦しみに満ちた世界において,全ては神様の配剤だ(all is for the best/神様のなさることに悪いことはない)と信じる者は,誰ひとりとしてその倫理的価値を損なうことなしにいられない。(注:大竹勝訳『宗教は必要か』では「この苦痛の多い世界で,万事この上なくうまくいっていると信じている人は、彼の倫理的な価値をそこなわずにいることはできない」と不適切な訳をされている。一見よさそうに見えるが、'all is for the best' というのが,「全ては神のなせるわざ(配剤)だ」という慣用句であることにまず気づかなければいけない。)なぜなら,彼は常に(神が創造したこの世の)苦痛と悲惨さに対する言い訳を見つけなければならないからである。 |
Christianity and sex (cont.)Every boy is interested in trains. Suppose we told him that an interest in trains is wicked; suppose we kept his eyes bandaged whenever he was in a train or on a railway station; suppose we never allowed the word "train" to be mentioned in his presence and preserved an impenetrable mystery as to the means by which he is transported from one place to another. The result would not be that he would cease to be interested in trains; on the contrary, he would become more interested than ever but would have a morbid sense of sin, because this interest had been represented to him as improper. Every boy of active intelligence could by this means be rendered in a greater or less degree neurasthenic. This is precisely what is done in the matter of sex; but, as sex is more interesting than trains, the results are worse. Almost every adult in a Christian community is more or less diseased nervously as a result of the taboo on sex knowledge when he or she was young. And the sense of sin which is thus artificially implanted is one of the causes of cruelty, timidity, and stupidity in later life. There is no rational ground of any sort or kind in keeping a child ignorant of anything that he may wish to know, whether on sex or on any other matter. And we shall never get a sane population until this fact is recognized in early education, which is impossible so long as the churches are able to control educational politics.Leaving these comparatively detailed objections on one side, it is clear that the fundamental doctrines of Christianity demand a great deal of ethical perversion before they can be accepted. The world, we are told, was created by a God who is both good and omnipotent. Before He created the world He foresaw all the pain and misery that it would contain; He is therefore responsible for all of it. It is useless to argue that the pain in the world is due to sin. In the first place, this is not true; it is not sin that causes rivers to overflow their banks or volcanoes to erupt. But even if it were true, it would make no difference. If I were going to beget a child knowing that the child was going to be a homicidal maniac, I should be responsible for his crimes. If God knew in advance the sins of which man would be guilty, He was clearly responsible for all the consequences of those sins when He decided to create man. The usual Christian argument is that the suffering in the world is a purification for sin and is therefore a good thing. This argument is, of course, only a rationalization of sadism; but in any case it is a very poor argument. I would invite any Christian to accompany me to the children's ward of a hospital, to watch the suffering that is there being endured, and then to persist in the assertion that those children are so morally abandoned as to deserve what they are suffering. In order to bring himself to say this, a man must destroy in himself all feelings of mercy and compassion. He must, in short, make himself as cruel as the God in whom he believes. No man who believes that all is for the best in this suffering world can keep his ethical values unimpaired, since he is always having to find excuses for pain and misery. |