しかし(注:名文家のラッセルにはめずらしく however が3つ続いている。そこで、「けれども」「だが」「しかし」と訳に変化をつけてみた),絞首刑執行人は「上品」ではなさそうというだけの理由で死刑を強く非難した,さきほどあげた「上品」な婦人に,我々は同意すべきだとは,私は思わない。「上品」な人であるためには,現実との粗野な接触から保護されているという必要があり(注:世間知らずである必要があるという皮肉),その保護をしている人々は,彼らが保とうとするところの「上品」さを共有することを期待できない(注:たとえば、奥様は世間知らずで上品な趣味をお持ちだが、それを実現するために,夫は金の亡者で下品な場合が少なくないなど)。例えば,大勢の黒人労働者を輸送している大洋航海船が難波した場合を想像してみよう。一等(室)の婦人の乗客が -多分みな上品な婦人たちであろうが- まず救助されるだろう。これを可能にするためには,(救命)ボートを黒人の労働者がどっと押し寄せないように監督している男たちがいなければならない,そして,こういった人々は,「上品」なやりかたで成功するだろうことはありそうにない。救助された婦人たちは,自分たちが救助されるや否や,溺死した哀れな黒人たちに対して,かわいそうに思い始めるであろうが,彼女たちの優しい心は,彼女たちを守った荒々しい男たちのおかげで可能となったのである。 |
It must not be supposed that all nice people are women, though, of course, it is much commoner for a woman to be nice than for a man. Apart from ministers of religion, there are many other nice men. For example: those who have made large fortunes and have now retired from business to spend their fortunes on charity; magistrates are also almost invariably nice men. It cannot, however, be said that all supporters of law and order are nice men. When I was young, I remember hearing it advanced by a nice woman, as an argument against capital punishment, that the hangman could hardly be a nice man. I have never known any hangmen personally, so I have not been able to test this argument empirically. I knew a lady, however, who met the hangman in the train without knowing who he was, and when she offered him a rug, the weather being cold, he said, "Ah, Madam, you wouldn't do that if you knew who I am," which seems to show that he was a nice man after all. This, however, must have been exceptional. The hangman in Dickens' Barnaby Rudge, who is emphatically not a nice man, is probably more typical. I do not think, however, that we ought to agree with the nice woman I quoted a moment ago in condemning capital punishment merely because the hangman is not likely to be nice. To be a nice person, it is necessary to be protected from crude contact with reality, and those who do the protecting cannot be expected to share the niceness that they preserve. Imagine, for example, a wreck on a liner which is transporting a number of colored laborers; the first-class female passengers, all of whom are presumably nice women, will be saved first; but in order that this may happen, there must be men who keep the colored laborers from swamping the boat, and it is unlikely that these men will be able to succeed by nice methods. The women who have been saved, as soon as they are safe, will begin to feel sorry for the poor laborers who were drowned, but their tender hearts are rendered possible only by the rough men who defended them. |