バートランド・ラッセル『反俗評論集-人類の将来』第1章(松下彰良・訳)
* 原著:Bertrand Russell: Unpopular Essays, 1950
第1章「哲学と政治(1947)」n.26
理論的、実践的のどちらの点からみても、ロックが出会った時期は幸運な時期であった。プトレマイオスの体系とコペルニクスの体系の間の大論争はすでに決着がついており、科学上の問題は、もはやアリストテレス(の権威)に訴えることによって解決できできなかった。ニュートンの勝利は無限の科学的楽天主義を正当化するように思えた。 |
Philosophy and Politics, (1947),n.26Locke, who first developed in detail the empiricist theory of knowledge, preached also religious toleration, representative institutions, and the limitation of governmental power by the system of checks and balances. Few of his doctrines were new, but he developed them in a weighty manner at just the moment when the English government was prepared to accept them. Like the other men of 1688, he was only reluctantly a rebel, and he disliked anarchy as much as he disliked despotism. Both in intellectual and in practical matters he stood for order without authority; this might be taken as the motto both of science and of Liberalism. It depends, clearly, upon consent or assent. In the intellectual world it involves standards of evidence which, after adequate discussion, will lead to a measure of agreement among experts. In the practical world it involves submission to the majority after all parties have had an opportunity to state their case.In both respects his moment was a fortunate one. The great controversy between the Ptolemaic and Copcmican systems had been decided, and scientific questions could no longer be settied by an appeal to Aristotle. Newton’s triumphs seemed to justify boundless scientific optimism. |