バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
序論 n.5 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, introduction, n.5 | |||
* ラッセルはここで"Wisdom as regards ..."と、"Knowledge"ではなく、"Wisdom"を使用している。つまり、単なる「知識」ではなく、「洞察力」や「判断力」などが含まれた「知恵」を得たいとのニュアンスが感じられる。 |
Ethics, though primarily individual even when it deals with duty to others, is faced with its most difficult problems when it comes to consider social groups. Wisdom as regards the action of social groups requires a scientific study of human nature in society, if we are to be able to judge what is possible and what impossible. The first thing is to be clear as to the important motives governing the behaviour of individuals and groups. Of these the most imperative are those concerned with survival, such as food and shelter and clothing and reproduction. But, when these are secure, other motives become immensely strong. Of these, acquisitiveness, rivalry, vanity, and love of power are the most important. Most of the political actions of groups and their leaders can be traced to these four motives, together with what is necessary for survival. |