バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』第2部[「情熱の葛藤」- 第2章- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, Part II, chapter 5
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第2部「情熱の葛藤」- 第5章「結束(団結)と競争」n.2 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, part II: The Conflict of Passions, chapter 5: Cohesion and Rivalry, n.2 | |||
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Some such process has gone to the making of nations, but States have usually been made in a different way. Most States have arisen through conquest, and the bulk of their subjects have submitted to authority because they must, not because they had any sentiment of kinship with their rulers. Perhaps ancient Egypt was in some degree an exception, for, although it was formed originally by the union of the Upper and Lower Kingdoms, the Nile was such a powerful integrating influence that common sentiments and common beliefs were easily maintained. This is borne out by the fact that Egypt was the most permanent State known to history, with the possible exception of China. Babylonia never achieved anything like the same stability. Sometimes one city was supreme, sometimes another. Mesopotamia throughout its ancient history was distracted by wars to a very much greater extent than occurred in Egypt. |