バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』第2部[「情熱の葛藤」- 第2章- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, Part II, chapter 4
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第2部「情熱の葛藤」- 第4章「神話と魔力」n.7 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, part II: The Conflict of Passions, chapter 4: Myth and Magic, n.7 | |||
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Beliefs which have no basis in observation or reason are an index to the dominant passions of those who invent them. From this point of view, human history is very dark and dreadful. The kinds of action prompted by superstition have usually been cruel, and most of the myths that men have invented have added imaginary sufferings to those that were real. The ritual dances of savages are terrifying, and are apt to be the prelude to some unnecessary act of cruelty such as human sacrifice. In any account of early man, or of savages in our own day, you will find innumerable horrors inflicted because they are thought to serve a useful purpose, but you will find hardly any kindly customs resulting from irrational belief. Cruelty based on superstition was less prevalent in the Graeco-Roman world than it had been at earlier times, in spite of the fact that purely frivolous cruelty, such as that of Roman games, was very common. But throughout the Dark Ages and the Middle Ages, superstitious cruelty was again widespread, especially in the persecution of heretics and witches. |