バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』12-01- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第12章:迷信的な倫理学 n.1 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 12, n.1 | |||
豚肉を食べるのは邪悪である; 牛肉を食べるのは悪い; 寡婦がスッテイ* を逃れるのは悪いことである; (注: suttee ヒンドゥー教徒の寡婦の行為で、亡くなった夫を火葬する薪の上で、自らの意志で焼身自殺すること) 土曜日に働くのは悪いことである; 日曜日に遊ぶのは悪いことである; 同じ子供の名付け親同士が結婚するのは悪いことである; 亡くなった妻の妹や、亡くなった夫の兄弟と結婚するのは悪いことである。 死んだ夫の兄弟と結婚するのは邪道である; 姦淫することは邪悪である; 同性と性的関係を持つことは邪悪である; 自殺することは邪悪である。 |
In previous chapters it has been argued that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends upon its probable consequences, and not upon its belonging to some class of acts labelled virtuous or sinful without regard to their effects. It is possible to accept this view in the abstract without realizing how contrary it is to received usage. The word “ethics”, and still more the adjective “unethical”, commonly implies some mysterious and inexplicable quality which an act is known to possess in virtue either of a traditional tabu or of some supernatural revelation. This point of view governs the ethical judgments of most people and deeply affects criminal law. It is this point of view that I am calling “superstitious ethics”. Consider the following propositions: It is wicked to eat pork; it is wicked to eat beef; it is wicked for a widow to evade suttee; it is wicked to work on Saturdays; it is wicked to play on Sundays; it is wicked for two godparents of the same child to marry; it is wicked to marry one’s deceased wife’s sister, or one’s deceased husband’s brother; it is wicked to fornicate; it is wicked to have sexual relations with a member of one’s own sex; it is wicked to commit suicide. |