バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』9-04 - Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第9章:倫理的知識は存在するか? n.4 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 9:Is there Ethical knowledge, n.4 | |||
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We shall call something “good” if it has value on its own account, independently of its effects. Perhaps, since the term “good” is ambiguous, we shall do well to substitute the term "intrinsic value". Thus the theory that we are now to examine is the theory that there is an indefinable which we are calling "intrinsic value”, and that we know, by a different kind of ethical intuition from that considered in connection with "ought”, that certain kinds of things possess intrinsic value. The term has a negative, to which we will give the name "disvalue”. A possible ethical intuition of the sort appropriate to our present theory would be: “Pleasure has intrinsic value, and pain has intrinsic disvalue”. We shall now define "ought” in terms of intrinsic value: an act “ought” to be performed if, of those that are possible, it is the one having the most intrinsic value. To this definition we must add the principle: "The act having most intrinsic value is the one likely to produce the greatest balance of intrinsic value over intrinsic disvalue, or the smallest balance of intrinsic disvalue over intrinsic value”. An intrinsic value and an intrinsic disvalue are defined as equal when the two together have zero intrinsic value. |