バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』7-10 - Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第7章:罪 n.10 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 7: Sin, n.10 | |||
* 注:ネルソンの盲目の目:(ChatGPTによる回答) ホレーショ・ネルソン提督は、彼の艦隊が敵艦隊と交戦する際、敵の方向から風が吹いているときに、自分の目の失明した側(失明していたのは右目)に望遠鏡をあて、指揮を執っていたとされています。この行為は、彼が自らの弱点を無視し、戦局に徹底的に集中する姿勢を表すものであり、その結果として敵方向の視界を確保するという戦略的な判断でした。この逸話が「ネルソンの盲目の目」と呼ばれ、転じて何かを無視する、あるいは見逃すといった意味で使用されるようになりました。) |
“Justice”, in its legalistic interpretation, might be taken to mean “reward according to desert”. But when retributive punishment for its own sake is no longer advocated, this can only mean “reward and punishment on the system most likely to promote socially desirable conduct". It might happen, on occasion, that a man who expected punishment would undergo a change of heart if he were given a free pardon; in that case, it would be right to pardon him. It might also happen that a man who has acted in a socially desirable manner might have set an example which ought not to be followed in apparently similar cases, and on this account it might be proper to punish him. (Nelson’s blind eye.) In short, rewards and punishments should be awarded according to the desirability of their social effects, and not according to some supposed absolute standard of merit or demerit. No doubt it will, as a rule, be wise to reward those whose conduct is socially desirable and punish those whose conduct is harmful, but exceptions are conceivable and are likely actually to occur from time to time. Such a conception of “justice” as underlies the belief in heaven and hell is not defensible if “right” conduct is that which promotes the satisfaction of desire. |