バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第6章:道徳的義務 n.20 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 6: Moral obligation, n.20 | |||
私は、このようなスピーチを、私の修辞的能力が示唆する装飾(embellishments)を施しながら行うことは可能である。しかし、それは私の対話者(相手)に対して説得力を持つだろうか? 相手が既に私に対して深い尊敬の念を抱いていたり、私の巧妙なプロパガンダに何年もさらされてきた学校の生徒(a schoolboy")であったりすれば、そうなるかもしれない。しかし、もし彼がナチス党員で、私が彼の囚人であったなら、彼は、単に、私が彼の主張が最も優れていると認めるまで、私を拷問し、半飢餓状態に追い込むだろう。このために私は彼を憎み、軽蔑するかもしれないが、論破することはできない。そうなると(then)、この対立全体は、、意見の不一致は、理論的な真偽の問題ではなく、感情や情熱の問題なのである。
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I can make this speech, with such embellishments as my rhetorical skill may suggest, but will it carry conviction to my interlocutor? It may do if he already has a profound respect for me, or if he is a schoolboy exposed for years to my subtle propaganda. But if he is a Nazi and I am his prisoner, he will merely subject me to torture and semi-starvation until I admit that he has the best of the argument. For this I may hate and despise him, but I cannot refute him. It might seem, then, that the whole disagreement is in the sphere of feeling and passion, not in that of theoretical truth and falsehood. It may be said that I am conceding more than I need. There may be such a faculty as ethical intuition, and I may possess it, but there may be many men who are destitute of it. H. G. Wells's story, "The Country of the Blind", relates the efforts of a man with normal eyesight to persuade a blind population that he possesses a sense of which they are destitute; he fails, and in the end they decide to put out his eyes to cure him of his delusion. So it may be with ethical intuition, but if most men are ethically blind the fate of those who have ethical vision is likely to resemble that of Wells's seer. Indeed the history of moral reformers bears out this view. |