バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第6章:道徳的義務 n.19 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 6: Moral obligation, n.19 | |||
「客観的正しさ」という概念が何らかの目的を果たすためには、理論的な条件と実践的な条件の2つを満たさなければならない。理論的な条件とは、どのような行為が「客観的に」正しいかを知る何らかの方法がなければならないということであり、実践的な条件とは、少なくとも一部の人々にとっては、ある行為が客観的に正しいと認められることが、その行為の実行を促す動機とならなければならないということである。
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If the concept of "objective rightness" is to serve any purpose, it must satisfy two conditions, one theoretical and the other practical. The theoretical condition is that there must be some way of knowing what kinds of acts are "objectively "right" ; the practical condition is that, at least for some people, the fact that an act is recognized as objectively right must be a motive prompting its performance. Let us first take the view that “objectively right” is indefinable. In that case, if anything is to be known about it, there must be at least one indemonstrable proposition about it, the truth of which will have to be recognized by an ethical intuition. I may say that I have such an intuition telling me that the objectively right act is that which probably does most to promote the general good. If everybody agreed with me, this theory might be acceptable. It is, in any case, not logically refutable. You cannot prove that there is no such concept, or that I do not know what I say I know about it. But equally I cannot prove that you are mistaken if you say that the objectively right act is that which promotes your good, or that of Germans, or that of white men. I shall, if I argue, be compelled to resort to vulgar abuse. I can say: "Sir, you are misusing terms. Ethical intuition is a noble faculty, of which you are evidently destitute. It is a faculty which teaches disinterestedness, which requires you to get outside Self and view the world with God-like impartiality. It is in the sphere of action what the scientific outlook is in the sphere of thought. But as for you, you are earth-bound, you are fettered to the accidents of your birth, you are a grovelling wretch incapable of emancipation from bondage to the here and now." |