バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第6章:道徳的義務 n.9 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 6: Moral obligation, n.9 | |||
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I do not think this theory can be refuted, in the sense of being shown to involve some logical absurdity, but I think it can be proved to have consequences which hardly any one would accept. The most glaringly paradoxical of these consequences is that there can be no ethical reason for preferring one man’s conscience to another’s. There can of course be non-ethical reasons: if I am a beggar, I shall prefer a conscience that enjoins charity to one that holds it wicked to encourage idleness, and if I am a statesman I shall prefer an opponent whose conscience approves of compromise to one who views every question as a matter of principle. But I cannot say that the type of man I prefer is a better man, for every man who follows his conscience is morally perfect. I cannot say that the conscience of a man who is both civilized and humane is better than that of a savage whose outlook is bounded by hunting and war. I cannot admit that a man's conscience is worsened when it becomes blunted by persistent evil doing, so that in the end it no longer protests against his habitual sins. This has the shocking consequence that long-continued sin makes virtue easier, since it diminishes the number of things that conscience forbids. All these paradoxes follow if every man's conscience is the ultimate arbiter of what is right for him. |