バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第5章:部分的善と一般的善 n.19 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 5: Partial and General Goods, n.19 | |||
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As a matter of theory, this point of view demands a separation of "right" from "good". However "good" may be defined, "right" conduct will no longer be that likely to produce the maximum of good in general, but that likely to produce the maximum of good to a certain group of which the agent is a member. The ethical consequences will be different according to the kind of group that is chosen, e.g. family, nation, class, or creed. No good ground can be given for choosing one way of dividing mankind into groups rather than another. Nor is it easy to invent any plausible reason for ignoring the good of people outside one’s own group and conceding a reciprocal liberty on their part. For this theory does not contend, like our first and second theories, that our own group is superior to the others; it is a polite theory, although its consequences in practice are just the same as if it were not. On the whole, it has less plausibility than the other two, and I doubt if it is held with equal sincerity outside the ranks of officers of the armed services of civilized countries. |