バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第5章:部分的善と一般的善 n.15 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 5: Partial and General Goods, n.15 | |||
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I come now to the second type of theory, according to which "the good” is something limited to a certain group, the rest of mankind being either obstacles to be swept away or means to be utilized to the best advantage of those who alone have importance as ends. Most people, quite unreflectingly, take up this attitude towards animals: lions and tigers are obstacles, sheep and cows are useful means, but neither in the one case nor in the other do we seriously consider their welfare as part of the general good at which a wise statesman should aim. It is true that in modern times humanitarians have protested, with a certain measure of success, against cruelty to animals ; nevertheless fox-hunting continues. Moreover the Church has always taught, and still teaches, that man has no duties towards the lower animals; on this ground Pope Pius IX regarded the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals as ethically heretical, and forbade the establishment of a branch in Rome. In spite of the humanitarians, we may still say that most people, in most countries, regard animals merely as means or obstacles. |