第1章 闘争の原因 n.4 - 論理的統一性の強みと弱み
ところで,論理的統一(性)は,長所(強み)であると同時に短所(弱さ)でもある。論理的統一性が長所(強み)であるのは,論理的統一(性)は,議論の一つの段階を認める者は(論理的におかしくなければ)誰でもその後の全ての段階を受け入れなければならないということを保証するからであり,それが短所(弱点)であるのは,後の段階の任意の段階を斥ける者は,必ず少なくとも,前の段階の中のどれかの段階を斥けなければならないからである。(キリスト)教会は,科学との闘争において,教義の論理的一貫性をから生じる長所(強さ)と短所(弱さ)とをともに示した(のである)。 |
Chapter 1: Grounds of Conflict, n.4The mediaeval outlook of educated men had a logical unity which has now been lost. We may take Thomas Aquinas as the authoritative exponent of the creed which science was compelled to attack. He maintained -- and his view is still that of the Roman Catholic Church -- that some of the fundamental truths of the Christian religion could be proved by the unaided reason, without the help of revelation. Among these was the existence of an omnipotent and benevolent Creator. From His omnipotence and benevolence it followed that He would not leave His creatures without knowledge of His decrees, to the extent that might be necessary for obeying His will. There must therefore be a Divine revelation, which, obviously, is contained in the Bible and the decisions of the Church. This point being established, the rest of what we need to know can be inferred from the Scriptures and the pronouncements of œcumenical Councils. The whole argument proceeds deductively from premisses formerly accepted by almost the whole population of Christian countries, and if the argument is, to the modern reader, at times faulty, its fallacies were not apparent to the majority of learned contemporaries.Now logical unity is at once a strength and a weakness. It is a strength because it insures that whoever accepts one stage of the argument must accept all later stages ; it is a weakness because whoever rejects any of the later stages must also reject some, at least, of the earlier stages. The Church, in its conflict with science, exhibited both the strength and the weakness resulting from the logical coherence of its dogmas. |