第8章 経済的権力 n.18 - マルクスの階級闘争理論
あらゆる経済力は土地所有者と資本家に属するとする見解は,大ざっばにいって,真実であり,私も今日までそう考えてきたが,この理論には重要な限界がある。土地所有者と資本家も,労働(力)がなければ(労働者を確保できなければ)どうしようもなく,ストライキも,十分断乎としていて広汎なものである場合には,経済力の一部を労働者のものとして確保することができる(のである)。しかし,ストライキの持つ可能性というようなテーマは周知のものであるので,これ以上述べないことにしよう。 |
Chapter VIII: Economic Power, n.18At this point, we must consider a view which Marxism has made familiar, namely that capitalism tends to generate a war of classes which will ultimately dominate all other forms of conflict. It is not by any means easy to interpret Marx, but he seems to have thought that, in times of peace, all economic power belongs to landowners and capitalists, who will exploit their control to the uttermost, thereby stirring the proletariat to revolt. The proletariat, being the vast majority, will win in war as soon as they are united, and will institute a system in which the economic power derived from land and capital will be transferred to the community as a whole. Whether or not this theory is exactly that of Marx, it is, broadly, that of present-day communists, and therefore deserves to be examined.The view that all economic power belongs to landowners and capitalists is one which, though roughly true, and though I have hitherto assumed it, has important limitations. Landowners and capitalists are helpless without labour, and strikes, when they are sufficiently determined and widespread, can secure for labour a share of economic power. But the possibilities of the strike are such a familiar theme that I shall say no more about them. |