第8章 経済的権力 n.7 - 権力者は借金を踏み倒せる
(* 原注:フッガ一家(の人々)は,決してハプスブルク家の借り手に抵抗することができなかった。フッガー家が金を貸した相手は,シャルル五世だけでなく,彼に貸す前に皇帝マキシミリアンに,彼に貸した後にスペイン系ハプスブルク家の子孫に金を貸した。『フッガー(家)ニューズレター』の序文には,こう書かれている。「少なくとも四百万ダカット金貨を(ハプスブルク系の)スペインの王たちはフッガー家から借りたが,まったく返済しなかった。たとえ,西方と東方のハプスブルク家との商取引から生じる損失は八百万フローリンにのぼると見積もっても(注:accrue from 生じる/if = even if),過大評価ではない。・・・。もし彼ら(フッガー家)が存在しなければ,ドイツにおける宗教改革は,おそらく何の抵抗も受けずに勝利したであろう。このフッガー家の最も有能な人々は,一世紀に渡って努力した。しかし(それにもかかわらず),同家(注:貸し手)の多くの後継者たちに残されたものは,法外なほど高価な羊皮紙の山と,二重にも三重にも抵当に入った不動産だけであった)(注:つまり,抵当権がいっぱいついていたので、そんなものがいくらあっても処分できないのでどうしようもなかった,ということ)。 |
Chapter VIII: Economic Power, n.7Economic power within a State, although ultimately derived from law and public opinion, easily acquires a certain independence. It can influence law by corruption and public opinion by propaganda. It can put politicians under obligations which interfere with their freedom. It can threaten to cause a financial crisis. But there are very definite limits to what it can achieve. Caesar was helped to power by his creditors, who saw no hope of repayment except through his success; but when he had succeeded he was powerful enough to defy them. Charles V borrowed from the Fuggers the money required to buy the position of Emperor, but when he had become Emperor he snapped his fingers at them and they lost what they had lent (* see note).The City of London, in our own day, has had a similar experience in helping German recovery ; and so has Thyssen in helping to put Hitler into power. (note: The Fuggers never could resist a Habsburg borrower. They lent money, not only to Charles V, but to the Emperor Maximilian before him, and to his Spanish descendants after him. The Introduction to the Fugger News Letters says: "At least four million ducats had been borrowed from the Fuggers by the Spanish kings and never repaid, and it is not exaggeration if the losses accruing from their business transactions with the Hapsburgs (Habsburgs) in the west and east are estimated at eight million florins.... But for them (the Fuggers) the Reformation in Germany would probably have triumphed without opposition. The most capable members of this House strove for a century, but nothing remained to their innumerable heirs but an inordinately costly pile of parchments and heavily mortgaged landed property.) |