第16章 努力と諦め(あきらめ)(承前)これまで考察してきたケースは,諦めが最もむずかしいケースである。諦めがずっと容易なケースは,他に多数ある。それらのケースでは,二次的な目的だけは妨げられるが,人生の主要目的の方は(妨げられず),引き続き成功の見通しを提供し続ける。たとえば,重要な仕事にたずさわっている人が,もし結婚生活の不幸によって心をかき乱されると,望ましい種類の諦めを持てないことを示す(ようなケース)。もしも,彼の仕事が本当に熱中できるものであれば,彼は,そのような偶発的なトラブルは,雨降りの日を見るように見るべきである。つまり,大騒ぎをすることは愚かであるような'ちょっとしたこまりごと'として見るべきである。
'心配の帝国'から解放された人は,以前絶えずいらいらしていた頃よりも,人生がずっと楽しいものになったのを発見するだろう。以前は悲鳴をあげたくなるくらいいやだった,知り合いの個人的性癖も,(心配から解放された)現在では,ただ'面白おかしいもの'に見えてくる。Aさんが,フエゴ諸島(Tierra del Fuego:ティエラ・デル・フエゴ)の司教の逸話について,347回目の話をしはじめると,その回数を書き留めて面白がり,自分も逸話を持ち出して話をそらそうという無駄な試みをしたいという気持ちはまったくなくなる。早朝の列車に乗ろうと急いでいる時に'靴ひも'が切れたとしても,適度な'ののしり'を言った後は,宇宙の歴史において,このような出来事など大して重要なことではない,と反省する。プロポーズをしている最中に退屈な隣人が訪ねてきて邪魔したとしても,昔から,アダムを除いて,人類は皆災難をこうむりがちであったし,そのアダムでさえいろんなトラブルを抱えていた,と考える。'とっぴな類推'や'風変わりな比較'によって,小さな不幸から慰めを見いだす点でできることは,無限にある。思うに,'教養ある男女'は皆それぞれ'自画像'を持っていて,この自画像をスポイルするように思われる何らかの事態が偶然生じると,傷つけられる,ようである。'最善の治療法'は,一枚の絵(自画像)だけでなく,画廊全体を所有しておき,問題の事件に適切な'自画像'を選び出すことである。それらの肖像画のなかの何枚かがこっけいなものであると,ますますよい。24時間,自分を崇高な'悲劇の主人公'として眺めるのは,賢明ではない。私は,いつも自分のことを喜劇の'道化役'として見るべきだ,と示唆しているのではない。というのは,道化を気取っている連中には,(主人公に対してよりも)いっそうイライラさせられるからである。状況にあった役割を選ぶためには,少し'気転'が必要がある。もちろん,もしも,あなたが自分自身を忘れることができて,まったく役を演じなくてもよいのであれば,それは賞賛すべきことである。しかし,役割を演じることが第二の天性になっているのであれば,自分はレパートリーの中から演技しているのだと考え,そうして'単調さ'を避けると良い。 |
The cases we have been considering are those in which resignation is most difficult; there are a number of others in which it is much easier. These are the cases in which only subsidiary purposes suffer a check, while the major purposes of life continue to offer a prospect of success. A man, for example, who is engaged in important work shows a failure in the desirable kind of resignation if he is distracted by matrimonial unhappiness; if his work is really absorbing, he should regard such incidental troubles in the way in which one regards a wet day, that is to say, as a nuisance about which it would be foolish to make a fuss. Some people are unable to bear with patience even those minor troubles which make up, if we permit them to do so, a very large part of life. They are furious when they miss a train, transported with rage if their dinner is badly cooked, sunk in despair if the chimney smokes, and vowing vengeance against the whole industrial order when their clothes fail to return from the sanitary steam laundry. The energy that such people waste on trivial troubles would be sufficient, if more wisely directed, to make and unmake empires. The wise man fails to observe the dust that the housemaid has not dusted, the potato that the cook has not cooked, and the soot that the sweep has not swept. I do not mean that he takes no steps to remedy these matters, provided he has time to do so; I mean only that he deals with them without emotion . Worry and fret and irritation are emotions which serve no purpose. Those who feel them strongly may say that they are incapable of overcoming them, and I am not sure that they can be overcome by anything short of that fundamental resignation of which we spoke earlier. The same kind of concentration upon large impersonal hopes which enables a man to bear personal failure in his work, or the troubles of an unhappy marriage, will also make it possible for him to be patient when he misses a train or drops his umbrella, in the mud. If he is of a fretful disposition, I am not sure that anything less than this will cure him. The man who has become emancipated from the empire of worry will find life a much more cheerful affair than it used to be while he was perpetually being irritated. Personal idiosyncrasies of acquaintances, which formerly made him wish to scream, will now seem merely amusing. When Mr. A. for the three hundred and forty-seventh time relates the anecdote of the Bishop of Tierra del Fuego, he amuses himself by noting the score, and feels no inclination to attempt a vain diversion by an anecdote of his own. When his bootlace breaks just as he is in a hurry to catch an early morning train, he reflects after the appropriate expletives, that in the history of the cosmos the event in question has no very great importance. When he is interrupted in a proposal of marriage by a visit of a tedious neighbour, he considers that all mankind have been liable to disaster, with the exception of Adams, and that even he had his troubles. There is no limit to what can be done in the way of finding consolation from minor misfortunes by means of bizarre analogies and quaint parallels. Every civilised man or woman has, I suppose, some picture of himself or herself and is annoyed when anything happens that seems to spoil this picture. The best cure is to have not only one picture, but a whole gallery, and to select the one appropriate to the incident in question. If some of the portraits are a trifle laughable, so much the better; it is not wise to see oneself all day long as a hero of high tragedy. I do not suggest that one should see oneself always as a clown in comedy, for those who do this are even more irritating; a little tact is required in choosing a role appropriate to the situation. Of course, if you can forget yourself and not play a part at all that is admirable. But if playing a part has become second nature, consider that you act in repertory, and so avoid monotony. |
(掲載日:2006.08.06/更新日:2010.5.3)