(注:安藤貞雄 氏は,「意識的な感情としては--決まり文句で言うならば--これには疑いもなく,過度に洗練された知的な世界観が含まれている。しかし,漠然とした本能的な感情としては,これは原始的で自然な感情であって,原始的で自然な感情の欠如こそ,過度に洗練されているのである。」と訳しておられる。過度にという言葉には否定的な意味合いがあるが,ここはそのような意味合いはなく,高度にとすべきではないか。また最後の一文の安藤訳は意味がよくわからない。) 後世に刻印を残すような偉大かつ顕著な業績をあげられる人は,自分の仕事を通してこの感情(生命の流れの一部=後世につながっている=不死という思い)を満足させられるが,特別な才能のない男女にとっては,唯一,子供を通してのみそのような気持ちを満足させることができる。自分の子供を持ちたいという衝動が萎縮するままにしてきた人たちは,自分自身を生命の流れから切り離してしまっており,切り離すことによって(生命を)干からびさせて(←乾燥させて)しまう,という重大な危険を冒してしまっている。彼らにとっては--彼らが特別非個人的(自己に執着しない,人類全体に慈愛をもっているなど)である場合は例外として--死は全てを終わらせてしまう。彼らが死んだ後にくる世界は,彼らには関係がない(彼らにとって重要でない)。それゆえ,自分たちのやることは(全て)とるにたらず,重要でないように,彼らには思われる。子供や孫がいて,彼らを自然な愛情で愛している人びとにとっては,少なくとも,自分たちが生きているうちは,未来は重要である。そしてそれは,道徳的に,あるいは想像の努力を通して重要であるだけでなく,自然にかつ本能的に重要である。そして,個人の生命を越えて自分の関心をこの程度まで拡張した人は,その次には,さらに先まで拡張できそうである。彼(あるいは彼女)は,アブラハムのように,実現するのがたとえ何世代も先のことであるにせよ,自分の子孫が約束の地を受け継ぐだろうと考え,満足をおぼえるだろう。そして,そういう感情を通して,さもなければ彼の全ての情緒を鈍らせてしまう空虚感(無益だという思い)から,彼は救われるのである。 |
When one considers human nature apart from the circumstances of the present day, it is clear, I think, that parenthood is psychologically capable of providing the greatest and most enduring happiness that life has to offer. This, no doubt, is more true of women than of men, but is more true of men than most moderns are inclined to suppose. It is taken for granted in almost all literature before the present age. Hecuba cares more for her children than for Priam; MacDuff cares more for his children than for his wife. In the Old Testament both men and women are passionately concerned to leave descendants; in China and Japan this attitude has persisted down to our own day. It will be said that this desire is due to ancestor worship. I think, however, that the contrary is the truth, namely that ancestor worship is a reflection of the interest people take in the persistence of their family. Reverting to the professional women whom we were considering a moment ago, it is clear that the urge to have children must be very powerful, for otherwise none of them would make the sacrifices required in order to satisfy it. For my own part, speaking personally, I have found the happiness of parenthood greater than any other that I have experienced. I believe that when circumstances lead men or women to forgo this happiness, a very deep need remains ungratified, and that this produces a dissatisfaction and listlessness of which the cause may remain quite unknown. To be happy in this world, especially when youth is past, it is necessary to feel oneself not merely an isolated individual whose day will soon be over, but part of the stream of life flowing on from the first germ to the remote and unknown future. As a conscious sentiment, expressed in set terms, this involves no doubt a hyper-civilised and intellectual outlook upon the world, but as a vague instinctive emotion it is primitive and natural, and it is its absence that is hyper-civilised. A man who is capable of some great and remarkable achievement which sets its stamp upon future ages may gratify this feeling through his work, but for men and women who have no exceptional gifts, the only way to do so is through children. Those who have allowed their procreative impulses to become atrophied have separated themselves from the stream of life, and in so doing have run a grave risk of becoming desiccated. For them, unless they are exceptionally impersonal, death ends all. The world that shall come after them does not concern them, and because of this their doings appear to themselves trivial and unimportant. To the man or woman who has children and grandchildren and loves them with a natural affection, the future is important, at any rate to the limit of their lives, not only through morality or through an effort of imagination, but naturally and instinctively. And the man whose interests have been stretched to this extent beyond his personal life is likely to be able to stretch then still further. Like Abraham, he will derive satisfaction from the thought that his seed are to inherit the promised land even if this is not to happen for many generations. And through such feelings he is saved from the sense of futility which otherwise deadens all his emotions. |
(掲載日:2006.06.14/更新日:2010.5.4)