祖父は理想としてのデモクラシーには賛成したが,民主主義への接近はともかくも急ぐべきだとは決して切望しなかった。彼は選挙権(参政権)の漸進的拡大を好んだ。しかし,選挙権の拡大が可能だとしても(if = even if),英国の改革政党はいつもその指導者を偉大なるホイッグの家族のなかに見いだすだろうと確信していたと私は思う。彼は意識的にこれを確信していたというのではないが,このことは彼が呼吸する空気のように日常的なものになっており,議論の必要なく、当然のこととされていたのである。 |
My grandfather belonged to a type which is now quite
extinct, the type of the aristocratic reformer whose zeal is derived from the classics, from Demosthenes and Tacitus, rather than from any more recent source. They worshiped a goddess called Liberty, but her lineaments were rather vague. There was also a demon called Tyranny. He was rather more definite. He was represented by kings and priests and policemen, especially if they were aliens. This creed had inspired the intellectual revolutionaries of France, though Madame Roland on the scaffold found it somewhat too simple. It was this creed that inspired Byron, and led him to fight for Greece. It was this creed that inspired Mazzini and Garibaldi and their English admirers. As a creed it was literary and poetic and romantic. It was quite untouched by the hard facts of economics which dominate all modern political thinking. My grandfather, as a boy, had as tutor Dr. Cartwright, the inventor of the power loom, which was one of the main factors in the Industrial Revolution. My grandfather never knew that he had made this invention, but admired him for his elegant Latinity and for the elevation of his moral sentiments, as well as for the fact that he was the brother of a famous radical agitator. My grandfather subscribed to democracy as an ideal, but was by no means anxious that the approach to it should be in any way precipitate. He favored a gradual extension of the franchise, but I think he was convinced that, however it might be extended, English reforming parties would always find their leaders in the great Whig families. I do not mean that he was consciously convinced of this, but that it was part of the air he breathed, something which could be taken for granted without discussion. |