バートランド・ラッセル『反俗評論集-人類の将来』第1章(松下彰良・訳)
* 原著:Bertrand Russell: Unpopular Essays, 1950
第1章「哲学と政治(1947)」n.3「哲学」という言葉は、その意味が決して定まっていない言葉の一つである。「宗教」 という言葉と同様に、歴史上の諸文化の一定の特徴を記述するために使われる時にはある一つの意味を持ち、今日において望ましいと考えられる(一つの)研究あるいは(一つの)精神態度を指し示すために使用される時にはまた別の意味を持つ。しかし、このような哲学観は -私は大いに共感を感ずるが- とても近代的なもの(近年のもの)であり、近代の世界においてさえ例外的なものである。古代よりずっと支配的であったこれとはまったく異なる哲学観が存在しており、哲学はそのおかげでその社会的及び政治的な重要性を担ってきたのである。 |
Philosophy and Politics, (1947), n.3The word “philosophy” is one of which the meaning is by no means fixed. Like the word “religion,” it has one sense when used to describe certain features of historical cultures, and another when used to denote a study or an attitude of mind which is considered desirable in the present day. Philosophy, as pursued in the universities of the Western democratic world, is, at least in intention, part of the pursuit of knowledge, aiming at the same kind of detachment as is sought in science, and not required by the authorities to arrive at conclusions convenient to the Government . Many teachers of philosophy would repudiate, not only the intention to influence their pupils’ politics, but also the view that philosophy should inculcate virtue. This, they would say, has as little to do with the philosopher as with the physicist or the chemist. Knowledge, they would say, should be the role purpose of university teaching; virtue should be left to parents, schoolmasters, and Churches.But this view of philosophy, with which I have much sympathy, is very modern, and even in the modern world exceptional. There is a quite different view, which has prevailed since antiquity, and to which philosophy has owed its social and political importance. |