バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』第2部[「情熱の葛藤」- 第2章- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, Part II, chapter 5
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第2部「情熱の葛藤」- 第5章「結束(団結)と競争」n.8 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, part II: The Conflict of Passions, chapter 5: Cohesion and Rivalry, n8 | |||
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Many of those who write about different cultures have failed to realize that the culture which the West has been spreading throughout the world owes its strength, not to the Judaeo-Hellenic-Roman synthesis, which constituted traditional Christianity, but to other elements which only began to be important at the end of the fifteenth century. The West has stood in the imaginations of the rest of the world, not primarily for Christianity, but for restless adventure, technical skill, ruthless military efficiency and, during the nineteenth century, for certain ideals of liberty, and the practice of constitutional government. Until 1914 it seemed that the spread of these ideas was irresistible and certain. The Russian government, which tried to maintain a traditional absolutism, was threatened by revolutionaries and compelled, in 1906, to take the first step towards parliamentary government. The ancient Empire of China, which had persisted for over two thousand years, was overthrown by the innovating ardour of men who owed their education to the West. Japan, which had been fiercely conservative and isolationist, opened its ports to Western trade and its minds (more or less) to Western ideas. There was every reason to expect that this process would continue until all the world was culturally unified, and the ideas of Jefferson and Macaulay could be preached without contradiction not only in India but in the plateaus of Tibet and the darkest recesses of African forests. This would no doubt have happened if Europe had not spent its warlike efficiency upon what was, essentially, civil war. By offering the world this spectacle of folly, Europe lost prestige, and other continents were emboldened to assert their cultural independence. |