バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』第2部[「情熱の葛藤」- 第2章- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, Part II, chapter 5
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第2部「情熱の葛藤」- 第5章「結束(団結)と競争」n.6 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, part II: The Conflict of Passions, chapter 5: Cohesion and Rivalry, n6 | ||
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When however we pass from politics to economics and culture, the picture is rather different. The economic divisions of the world are less than the political divisions. Until the World Wars, economic divisions had been growing steadily less, commercial relations were world-wide, and the interchange of raw materials, food, and industrial products was less and less affected by political frontiers. Commerce had always been a civilizing influence from the time of the Ionian Cities of Asia Minor in the sixth century b.c., until almost our own day. The Roman Empire had commercial relations with every part of Asia, including China. Throughout the time of the Empire, Italy imported most of its food. When the Empire broke up, and the Roman roads fell into decay and hordes of robbers infested the countryside, each little district was compelled to live on its own produce, with the result that population rapidly declined and culture almost wholly disappeared. Gradually commerce revived, first through the enterprise of the Italians, and later through that of the Dutch and English; and with commerce, as in ancient times, came civilization in art and science and social life. It may be said with little exaggeration that from an economic point of view the world before 1914 was one unified whole. |