第10章 権力の源泉としての信条 n.5 - 狂信主義的な国家の強み
それにもかかわらず,現在,原理・原則(教義)上の統一(性)は国力(の維持・増強)において必須であるという信条(信念)が広範に行き渡っている。この見解は,ドイツとロシアにおいてきわめて厳格に保持され、かつ、それに基づいて行動がなされており,その厳しさの程度は少し落ちるが,イタリアと日本においても,同様の状況である。フランスと大英帝国においてファシズムに反対している人々の多くは,思想の自由が軍事上の弱さの源であると認めがちである。従って,この問題を,もう一度,もっと抽象的かつ分析的なやり方で吟味して見よう。 |
Chapter X: Creeds as Sources of Power, n.5The cases in which fanaticism has brought nothing but disaster are much more numerous than those in which it has brought even temporary success. It ruined Jerusalem in the time of Titus, and Constantinople in 1453, when the West was rebuffed on account of the minute doctrinal differences between the Eastern and Western Churches. It brought about the decay of Spain, first through the expulsion of the Jews and Moors, and then by causing rebellion in the Netherlands and the long exhaustion of the Wars of Religion. On the other hand, the most successful nations, throughout modern times, have been those least addicted to the persecution of heretics.Nevertheless, there is now a wide-spread belief that doctrinal uniformity is essential to national strength. This view is held and acted upon, with the utmost rigour, in Germany and Russia, and with slightly less severity in Italy and Japan. Many opponents of Fascism in France and Great Britain are inclined to concede that freedom of thought is a source of military weakness. Let us therefore examine this question once more, in a more abstract and analytic fashion. |