Ⅱ(続き)
社会主義と共産主義に関する表明(発言)を別にすれば、ミルの『政治経済学(原理)』は重要(な著作)ではない。『政治経済学(原理)』がよってたつ主要な原理・原則は,彼の正統的な先駆者たちに由来するものにわずかの(重要でない)修正をしたものである。彼が全体としては賛成していたリカードの『価値論』は,ジュヴォンズによる限界効用概念(説)の導入によってとって代わられ。そして,それは重要な理論的改善を示していた。『論理学』においてそうであったように,彼は,理論から生ずる実際的弊害に気づかなければ伝統的理論に黙従しやすい(人物であった)。 |
The history of words is curious. Nobody in Mill's time, with the possible exception of Marx, could have guessed that the word "Communism" would come to denote the military, administrative, and judicial tyranny of an oligarchy, permitting to the workers only so much of the produce of their labor as might be necessary to keep them from violent revolt. Marx, whom we can now see to have been the most influential of Mill's contemporaries, is, so far as I have been able to discover, not mentioned in any of Mill's writings, and it is quite probable that Mill never heard of him. The Communist Manifesto was published in the same year as Mill's Political Economy, but the men who represented culture did not know of it. I wonder what unknown person in the present day will prove, a hundred years hence, to have been the dominant figure of our time. Apart from the pronouncements on Socialism and Communism, Mill's Political Economy, is not important. Its main principles are derived from his orthodox predecessors with only minor modifications. Ricardo's theory of value, with which on the whole he is in agreement, was superseded by Jevon's introduction of the concept of marginal utility, which represented an important theoretical improvement. As in his Logic, Mill is too ready to acquiesce in a traditional doctrine provided he is not aware of any practical evil resulting from it. |