バートランド・ラッセル『反俗評論集-人類の将来』の中の「知的戯言の概要(1943) 」(松下彰良・訳) 470 - Bertrand Russell: Unpopular Essays, 1950
知的戯言の概要(1943) n.47人類が陥りやすい種々の愚かな見解を避けるためには、超人間的な才能は必要ではない。2,3の単純な規則で(規則を守るだけで)、あなたは全ての誤りをさけることはできないが、愚かな誤りから逃れることができるであろう。
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Outline of Intellectual Rubbish (1943), n.47To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind are prone, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don't is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.
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