バートランド・ラッセル『怠惰への讃歌』序文
* 出典:バートランド・ラッセル(著),堀秀彦・柿村峻(共訳)『怠惰への讃歌』(角川書店,1958年刊行。角川文庫 n.1720)* 原著: In Praise of Idleness, and Other Essays, 1935)
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Preface to In Praise of Idleness, and Other Essays, 1935. | ||
(さらに)政治問題からは遠く離れて,西欧文明の特質や人類が昆虫から征服されそうだという形勢を論じた後,霊魂の本質を論議することで,本書は終っている。これらの様々なエッセィが1冊の本にまとまっているのは,次のような一貫した主題があるためである。即ち,世界は不寛容と頑迷に悩まされ,激しい行為なら,方向が間違っていても称賛される値打ちがある,という信念のために苦しめられているということである。であるがゆえに,私たちの非常に複雑な社会で必要なのは,いつも独断論を疑う心がけを失わず,非常にかけ離れた見解を公平にとりあつかう自由な心のゆとりをもつ落ち着いた思索であるということである。
「怠情への讃歌」及び「現代版マイダス王」は,Harper's Magazine にのせ,「ファシズム由来」(題は違っているが)は,イギリスの Political Quarterly 及びアメリカの Atlantic Monthly に掲載した。「前門の虎,後門の狼,或いは共産主義とファシズム」 は,Modern Monthly にのせ,「一本調子の時代」は,ニューヨークの Outlook(現在は,New Outlook)にのせた。「教育と訓練」は,New Statesman nad Nation で公けにした。私はまた多くの問題を提議したり,論議したりする際,Peter Spence (松下注:Patricia Spence のこと)の助力を受けたことを感謝しなければならない。 |
THIS book contains essays on such aspects of social questions as tend to be ignored in the clash of politics. It emphasizes the dangers of too much organization in the realm of thought and too much strenuousness in action. It explains why I cannot agree with either Communism or Fascism, and wherein I dissent from what both have in common. It maintains that the importance of knowledge consists not only in its direct practical utility but also in the fact that it promotes a widely contemplative habit of mind; on this ground, utility is to be found in much of the knowledge that is nowadays labelled 'useless.' There is a discussion of the connection of architecture with various social questions, more particularly the welfare of young children and the position of women. Passing further away from politics, the volume, after discussing the characteristics of Western civilization and the chances of the human race being vanquished by insects, concludes with a discussion of the nature of the soul. The general thesis which binds the essays together is that the world is suffering from intolerance and bigotry, and from the belief that vigorous action is admirable even when misguided; whereas what is needed in our very complex modern society is calm consideration, with readiness to call dogmas in question and freedom of mind to do justice to the most diverse points of view. Of the other essays in this volume, some are new, while others, which have been already published in magazines, are here reprinted by the kind permission of the editors. 'In Praise of Idleness' and 'The Modern Midas' appeared in Harper's Magazine; 'The Ancestry of Fascism' (under a different title) appeared in The Political Quarterly in England and The Atlantic Monthly in America; 'Scylla and Charybdis, or Communism and Fascism' appeared in The Modern Monthly; 'Modern Homogeneity' in New York in The Outlook (now The New Outlook); 'Education and Discipline' was published in The New Statesman and Nation. I have also to acknowledge the assistance of Peter Spence in suggesting and discussing many of the subjects. |