バートランド・ラッセル(著)『社会改造の原理』第3章「制度としての戦争」n.2
* 出典:バートランド・ラッセル(著),市井三郎(訳)『社会改造の原理』(河出書房新社版『世界の大思想』v.26,1969年8月刊。pp.1-155.)* 原著: Principles fo Social Reconstrucition, 1916)
第3章「制度としての戦争」n.2 |
War as an institution | |||
ある人々の才能は特殊化されているために、彼らの活動の選択は、彼らの能力の性質によって限定されてくる。また他の人々は青年時代において、きわめて広範囲な潜在的適性をもっているために、彼らの選択は主として、世論がどのような種類の成功にどのような度合の尊敬を与えるか、ということによって決められることになる。 |
The same desires. usually in a less marked degree. exist in men who have no exceptional talents. But such men cannot achieve anything very difficult by their individual efforts; for them, as units, it is impossible to acquire the sense of greatness or the triumph of strong resistance overcome. Their separate lives are unadventurous and dull. In the morning they go to the office or the plough, in the evening they return, tired and silent, to the sober monotony of wife and children. Believing that security is the supreme good, they have insured against sickness and death, and have found an employment where they have ' little fear of dismissal and no hope of any great rise. But security, once achieved, brings a Nemesis of ennui. Adventure. imagination, risk, also have their claims; but how can these claims be satisfied by the ordinary wage-earner? Even if it were possible to satisfy them, the claims realization comes, in some moment of sudden crisis. that he belongs to a nation, that his nation may take risks, may engage in difficult enterprises, enjoy the hot passion of doubtful combat, stimulate adventure and imagination by military expeditions to Mount Sinai and the Garden of Eden. What his nation does, in some sense, he does; what his nation suffers, he suffers. The long years of private caution are averaged by a wild plunge into public madness. All the horrid duties of thrift and order and care which he has learnt to fulfil in private are thought not to apply to public affairs: it is patriotic and noble to be reckless for the nation, though it would be wicked to be reckless for oneself. The old primitive passions, which civilization has denied, surge up all the stronger for repression. In a moment imagination and instinct travel back through the centuries, and the wild man of the woods emerges from the mental prison in which he has been confined. This is the deeper part of the psychology of the war fever. |